What differences are there between public and private hiring?
Well, look, the roll of public and private hiring is like comparing football and soccer: they seem the same because they both use a ball, but the rules and the environment change a lot. Both in the public and private world people signing contracts to get things - products, services, whatever - but how and why are another story.
To begin with, if we talk about public administration, everything is limited by the Public Sector Contract Law (yes, that text that nobody wants to read but sends more than your boss). The rules exist for everything to be clean: transparency, equality, nothing "this is the mayor's cousin, let's give him the contract." In private, the story is different. There the agreements go under private law, so companies can agree on what they want, as long as they do nothing illegal. It's like playing Monopoly with your own rules, basically.
Another thing: in the public sector, everything has to be announced. The tenders come to light so that anyone can appear, because the idea is that everyone has the same chance. This, supposedly, helps avoid friends and murky things. In private, on the other hand, the boss can give the contract to those who fall better or who promises a better dinner, nobody has to find out as long as they do not break the law.
And be careful, motivation behind also changes. The public is about satisfying collective needs, health type, education, roads ... That is why they usually put social or ecological clauses in contracts. The private, Nah, here what matters is pasta. Companies seek to make money, point, and their contracts are made for that.
Oh, and if we talk about controls, there is magnifying glass on the public. Contracts can end up being reviewed by courts, control bodies, and if someone feels cheated in a tender, they can assemble mess and take it to trial. In private, the problems are fixed as in a divorce: if there is a anger, they fight in commercial courts and already.
Anyway, although everything seems a matter of signing papers, the difference between public and private in this is brutal. Who wants to get to play in the League of public contracts, which is prepared to comply with a thousand rules and paperwork, because it is not the same as commissioning a catering for the company's party.