What controls are applied to avoid conflicts of interest?
Let's see, the issue of public tenders ... is a eggplant if there are no clear rules, right? That is, transparency and honesty are not just beautiful words; If there is no surveillance, anyone puts hand and charged loyal competition. That is why the entire roll of controls, laws and paperwork.
A conflict of interest happens when someone has a personal interest or, you know, a little money, which could make him lose objectivity. Sometimes it is because he has a friend in the company, sometimes because he invested money in the company he is competing. There are a thousand ways to put the leg, basically.
Most countries - well, those who take the issue seriously - demand that both officials and contestants say if they have interests at stake. It is like when the European Union took the 2014/24/EU directive: Clarito, zero trap and zero conflicts in public procurement. If you have something to hide, better or present.
A key control is that the officials and those of the tender committee have to fill out statements of interest, and it is not at once: every time the situation changes, it is time to update. Nothing "I forgot", because there is the fat.
And it is not only a matter of the government. Companies also have to put the batteries and do their homework: codes of ethics, courses for employees, and check well that no one is playing on both sides. Some even set up committees just to review these rolls, and if they see something weird, they stop it from one.
Another thing that helps enough is to separate tasks. That is, you do not give all the control to a single person, because there you can do and undo at will. Some check, others decide, and that nobody leaves rositas.
What if you skip your rules? Well, prepare: they can get you out of the play, put on a fine of those that hurt, or until you get into legal trouble. It is not a joke.
In short, if you want public tenders to be clean and fair, those controls to avoid conflicts of interest are not an extra, they are the base. Both for the government and for companies. Without that, it's like leaving the door open and waiting for anyone to take anything. Naive, right?
